The results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of Il34, Ccl2, Tnfaip6 and Cx3cl1 between the two AD-MSCs subgroups, while Csf1 was highly expressed in subgroup 1 of AD-MSCs (Figure 4F), which suggests that the expression of Csf1 in young AD-MSCs is significantly higher than that in Old AD-MSCs. Here, CCL2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.