Furthermore, absence of functional CFTR has been linked to increased epithelial cell proliferation (Schiller et al., 2010), induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Zhang et al., 2013) and higher incidence of various cancer forms in people with CF (pwCF) and even CF carriers (Maisonneuve et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene CFTR and cystic fibrosis.