Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, exhibits broad research and application prospects due to its multi-dimensional regulatory effects on several key inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as its potential therapeutic value in various inflammation-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.