STAT1 and neoplasm: Although we have already provided a detailed discussion of the relevant factors downstream of the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway from both major directions—promoting and inhibiting tumor growth—and have identified potential drugs or molecules targeting different components within the pathway for targeted therapy, our review of clinical trials related to gastrointestinal tumors on clinicaltrials.gov revealed that, aside from the trials mentioned earlier involving PD-L1 antibodies, there are only a few clinical trials combining drugs with IFN-γ.