Other pivotal clinical studies—including ESCORT-1, CheckMate-648, ORIENT-15, JUPITER-06, RATIONALE-306, GEMSTONE-304, and ESCORT-RWS—have also corroborated the primacy of combining chemotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors as the standard first-line therapeutic approach for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (183). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.