CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), programmed death ligand-1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has significantly improved outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrating superior progression-free survival and overall survival rates compared to chemotherapy (3–9).