We found that both parent H1N1 and H1N1-E158A viruses induced cardiac IFNβ, TNF, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1β above levels seen in mock control animals and that the H1N1-E158A virus induced higher levels of each inflammatory cytokine than the parent virus at day 5 post infection (Supp Fig 4B). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and infection.