Many of the serum cytokines found to be increased with high B12 supplementation have been reported in patients with CHIP and myeloid neoplasms including IL-1β (CHIP, myeloproliferative neoplasm-MPN), IL-1RA (MDS, AML, MPN), CXCL-2 – an orthologue to human IL-8 (CHIP, MDS, AML, MPN), CCL-4 (MDS, MPN), CXCL-9 (MDS, MPN), and IL-10 (AML, MPN)(3, 32, 33). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and myelodysplastic syndrome.