Liver function indicators, including ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GGT were significantly elevated in patients with HBV-LC, reflecting hepatocellular injury and cholestasis, which might be correlated with persistent viral replication and progressive liver fibrosis (Shoaib et al., 2023; Vieira da Rocha et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene GPT and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.