NFKB1 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Prior to the development of AP within the body, a multitude of pathological pathogenic factors (such as biliary diseases, alcohol consumption, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and genetics) first result in a sustained elevation of Ca2+ within the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells, premature expression of trypsinogen, activation of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, and a reduction in Ca2+ levels (129, 130).