There is a study finds that in mouse models, the Bifidobacterium-derived metabolite, lactate, dampens macrophage-associated inflammatory responses both locally and systemically in AP, by suppressing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a TLR4-MyD88- and NLRP3-Caspase1-dependent manner (61). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and alkaline phosphatase measurement.