SPINK1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Among the shared DEGs in T2DM and HTN, several genes were significantly upregulated, including SPINK1, ANPEP, MT1G, NR4A1, and PRSS2. These genes are involved in protease inhibition, aminopeptidase activity, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory signaling, suggesting activation of stress-adaptive and immune pathways in both conditions.