eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; GLMM, generalized linear mixed model; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; SCr; serum creatinine; ULT, urate-lowering therapy. Here, LCN2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.