GSEA highlighted clustering around common tumor-related pathways, including EMT, interferon-gamma response, TNFA signaling via NFkB, IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling, and the p53 pathway, all of which play pivotal roles in BLCA growth, progression, DNA repair, and response to immunotherapy [64–66]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is bladder transitional cell carcinoma.