HMGB1 and cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis (CF): The CFTR mutation has been connected to elevated RhoA expression, a negative regulator of efferocytosis.124Elevated neutrophil elastase (NE), released by infiltrating neutrophils, is also a hallmark characteristic of CF, and studies have identified NE-mediated cleavage of PS receptors.125Further, CF mouse models have shown HMGB1, which can inhibit efferocytosis via PS binding, to be elevated in BALF.126These data implicate multiple modes of impaired AC clearance in CF patients, which is presumed to amplify their lung inflammation.