TGFB1 and cancer: Furthermore, our proof of the concept of the proposed mechanism of action exerted by HER2-VEGFA BsAbs suggests that the VHS platform could be applied to develop additional BsAbs with a target overexpressed on the cancer cell surface (e.g., EGFR, CD19, or CD20) and a soluble target abundant in the TME (e.g., IL-10 or TGF-β) to achieve desired activities against various types of tumors.