STAT3 and plasma cell myeloma: These results align with earlier studies showing galangin’s ability to suppress PD-L1 via STAT3 and c-Myc inhibition [37] and ACA’s capacity to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via HER2/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways as well as NF-κB suppression in multiple myeloma cells [39] and promoting DNA fragmentation in NB4 cells [36].