MMP9 and gastric cancer: Importantly, experimental inhibition of LOX (e.g., via BAPN) significantly reduces both the expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 [112], whereas in non-small-cell lung and triple-negative breast carcinoma, exogenous LOX elevates MMP levels in a dose-dependent manner progression [112,113,114], indicating a sequential regulatory axis between LOX upregulation and MMP activation in gastric cancer.