ATF4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The observed reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress—both key drivers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response [40,41], a molecular pathway associated with the progression of MASLD [42]—were accompanied by lower protein levels of ATF4 and GRP78, as well as reduced mRNA expression of CHOP and p58IPK, all markers of activation of this molecular pathway.