Following the 10-week treadmill exercise intervention, the number of Iba-1-positive cells (Figure 3A–C, p < 0.001) as well as Iba-1+ IL-1β+ (Figure 3A,D, p < 0.001) and Iba-1+TNF-α+ (Figure 3B,E, p < 0.001) co-labeled neurons were significantly reduced in PD mice. Here, AIF1 is linked to Parkinson disease.