KRAS and cancer: Box 1 summarizes key terms, and Table 1 highlights cancer types associated with KRAS mutations, underscoring the urgent need for targeted therapies. RAS-mutated cancers typically carry poor prognoses under standard chemotherapy, highlighting the urgent need for alternative strategies [7]. Kirsten RAS, or KRAS, gene mutations are found in approximately 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PADC) [8,9,10,11], which account for about 90% of all PADC [12,13], and in 30–35% of lung adenocarcinomas, a primary subtype of lung cancer [14,15,16,17,18].