PARP11 and Zika virus infectious disease: Researchers have identified PARP11 as an ISG that functions synergistically with PARP12 to restrict Zika virus (ZIKV) replication by degrading NS1 and NS3 proteins. Upon IFNα/IFNβ stimulation or ZIKV infection, PARP11 expression is upregulated in WT cells but not in IFNAR1 knockout (IFNAR1−/−) cells, indicating its dependence on interferon receptor signaling.