DPP4 and atrial fibrillation: The results based on GTEx (Table 2) show that DPP4 inhibition was not causal to the risk of all-cause HF (OR: 0.45; CI, 0.15–1.31), AF (OR: 1.97; CI, 0.87–4.51), MI (OR: 2.89; CI: 0.07–127.46), and stroke (OR: 0.78; CI, 0.03–20.70).