Recent studies have revealed that the immune checkpoint molecule TIM3 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of malignant hematologic diseases.Our team’s TIM-3 assay of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from MDS patients revealed that TIM-3-positive HSC with aberrant differentiation, hyperproliferation, and reduced apoptosis were strongly associated with higher conversion rates and shorter median survival in patients (24). Here, HAVCR2 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.