C5a–C5aR2/C5L2 interaction in astrocytes plays a role in astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation (289). However, C5L2 exerts neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (292, 293). This evidence concerns the gene C5AR1 and Alzheimer disease.