Once activated, CAR-T cells efficiently kill tumor cells via multiple mechanisms (Table 1): release perforin and granzyme B to induce tumor cell apoptosis (19); express Fas ligand (FasL) to engage death receptors on tumor cells, triggering apoptotic signaling pathways (19); and secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α to directly suppress tumor growth or induce cell death while simultaneously recruiting and activating other immune cells to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) (20), thereby enhancing systemic antitumor immunity. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.