CCL2 and vascular disorder: Serum MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients without peripheral vascular disease (PVD) at baseline MCP-1No-PVDvs. MCP-1PVD (U[64; 7] = 336; p = 0.03), 24 h MCP-1No-PVDvs. MCP-1PVD (U[35; 5] = 139; p = 0.035) (Figure 1A).