After adjusting for potential covariates (marital status, education level, residential area, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activities, CRP, hypertension, heart problems, digestive disease, rheumatism), Cox proportional hazard regression models further confirmed the significant influence of low ASM mass (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.25 ~ 1.73, p < 0.001), low PEFR (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09 ~ 1.57, p = 0.004), and probable RS (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26 ~ 1.77, p < 0.001) on the earlier development of CLDs (Table 3). Here, CRP is linked to Hypertension.