Meta-analysis of associations between pretreatment melanoma and NMSC tumors was significant for the combined ASA and cell cycle scores (P = 0.0072 and P = 0.0036, respectively; Fig. 6c–e) and for many cGEPs (for example, CellCycle-Late-S, exhaustion, ICOS/CD38; P < 0.05 all). Here, ICOS is linked to melanoma.