Activation and cell cycle cGEPs were elevated in pretreatment nonresponders of melanoma and NMSC (meta-analysis P < 0.05 for CellCycle-G2M, CellCycle-Late-S, TIMD4/TIM3, exhaustion, ICOS/CD38, OX40/EBI3 and HLA) and in the combined CRC cohort (P < 0.05 for all). Here, ICOS is linked to colorectal carcinoma.