In addition, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are all upregulated in READ tissues, and immunohistochemistry has confirmed the overexpressed levels of hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPK, hnRNPC, hnRNPR, and hnRNPU in READ (Li et al., 2022). Here, HNRNPA1 is linked to reading.