CD38 and atrial fibrillation: While ten hub genes (SFRP4, FMOD, HAPLN1, LTBP2, SVEP1, BCL6, ANPEP, CD38, ATRNL1 and BEX1) correlate with the co-occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) (Zhou et al., 2025).