NPPB and cardiac arrhythmia: Key diagnostic tests at admission will also include ECG in the diagnosis of arrhythmias or ischemia, chest X-ray to identify pulmonary congestion, echocardiogram to assess left ventricular function, and laboratory blood tests like CBC, metabolic panels, and biomarkers such as BNP or NT-proBNP for the assessment of cardiac status, kidney function, and other systemic conditions (Fig. 3)[100,101].