The search terms included “cytokines,” “cardiac arrhythmias,” “inflammation,” “TNF-α,” “IL-1,” “IL-6,” “arrhythmogenesis,” “treatment strategies,” and “anti-inflammatory therapies.” The inclusion criteria for studies were based on relevance to the topic, the quality of the study design, and the availability of robust data. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.