Occupational exposure to OPs has been associated with a variety of health issues, including neurotoxic effects (e.g., cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders), which arise primarily through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), key enzymes for the breakdown of acetylcholine, a critical neurotransmitter for nerve function (Aroniadou-Anderjaska et al., 2023). Here, BCHE is linked to Cognitive impairment.