Moreover, vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) acts on the recruitment of autophagy-associated proteins and controls the formation of autophagosomes, research has demonstrated that the suppression of Vps34 enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in preclinical models of melanoma and colorectal carcinoma (40). Here, CD274 is linked to melanoma.