PPARA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Next, we assessed the transcript levels of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation (Pparα and its target genes Acox1 and Angplt4) in the liver tissues of each group of mice by qRT-PCR, and found that all genes related to β-oxidation were significantly decreased in T2D mice, and significantly upregulated after infusion of UC-MSCs, whereas free mitochondrial preconditioning more significantly elevated the upregulation of β-oxidation-related genes in liver tissue by UC-MSCs (Figure 6e).We have also proven this in vitro (Supporting Information 2: Figure S2).