SPP1 and neoplasm: Given that both Spp1+ macrophages and Pf4+ macrophages have previously been reported to inhibit the cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells and facilitate tumor evasion (Sathe et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2024), our findings suggested that, during tumor progression, macrophages from BOT models have a gradually enhanced suppressive TIME, and that this suppressive potential gradually diminishes in the TIME of SC models.