TNF and bacterial infectious disease: Therefore, the levels of SAA may reflect the body’s response status to bacterial infection.[41,42] Interaction of SAA with inflammatory mediators: SAA may interact with other inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (ILs), etc.[39,43] These interactions may further affect the expression levels and diagnostic value of SAA in neonatal sepsis.