IRS1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward targeting the IRS1 pathway with natural compounds for the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes (Yang et al. 2025; Yang et al. 2024), Alzheimer’s disease (K. X. Zhang et al. 2024), aging (Liu et al. 2025), and cancer (Mukundh et al. 2024).