To assess whether or not exosomal ALPPL2 and THBS2 in serum can be used as early detection markers for PDAC, using the ExoView assay described above, we measured the concentrations of ALPPL2+ and/or THBS2+ exosomes in serum samples from a cohort of subjects that included healthy controls (N = 57) and patients with non-cancerous conditions (N = 49 including 6 pancreatitis and 43 cystic neoplasm or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia cases), as well as early stage (Stage I and II, N = 54) or late stage (Stage III and IV, N = 59) PDAC (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene THBS2 and cystic neoplasm.