In the study of risk factors associated with PPH in patients undergoing PD, preoperative elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), increased BMI, higher serum bilirubin levels, elevated international normalized ratio (INR), biliary stent placement, pancreatic duct diameter <0.4 cm, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), and delayed gastric emptying (DGE) were identified as significant risk factors (13, 18, 35). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and pulmonary arterial hypertension.