For example,Shuailin Li (University of Oxford, UK) demonstrated that the enrichment of lungs with antigen specific CD4 T cells in vaccinated mice, elicited through protein-adjuvanted subunit vaccines, were crucial for stronger TB protection.21Iman Satti (University of Oxford, UK) noted that protection against TB disease andMtb infection is likely driven by distinct immune mechanisms.53,54 Satti emphasized the importance of CHIM studies, which facilitate the identification of CoP and allow for the characterization of immune responses following timed mycobacterial infections. Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.