Among these, the development of immunotherapies (e.g. interferon (IFN) alpha-2b, interleukin (IL)-2, and PD-1 inhibitors) and targeted therapies (e.g. BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy) has greatly improved progression-free survival and melanoma-specific survival of patients with advanced melanoma (18, 19). Here, MAP2K7 is linked to melanoma.