CCND1 and colorectal carcinoma: Research indicates that CRC cells exhibit reduced clonogenic activity following exposure to decitabine; however, there is an increase in SA-β-gal activation along with upregulation of CDKN1A (the gene encoding p21), CCND1 (the gene encoding cyclin D1), and CDKN2A (the gene encoding p16) gene expression 13 days post-treatment (69).