VEGFA and neoplasm: NSMP and p53-mutant tumors are known to exhibit low TIL infiltration and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), often due to factors such as stromal cells, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis, defective dendritic cells (DCs), increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), and M2-macrophage polarization, which can impede immune cell infiltration [28].