TNF and COVID-19: Nevertheless, dysregulation of NF-κB functions is central to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis (42), because it has been associated with high levels of gene expression and proteins of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-8, MIP-1, MCP1 and RANTES in severe COVID-19 (42, 46–48), and hence, its therapeutic significance (49, 50).