CACNA1D and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While our current findings primarily point to the association of these genes with macrophage states and infiltration in T2D, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms by which ATP1A1, CACNA1D, and CALM1 modulate macrophage phenotype and function (e.g., cytokine production, phagocytosis, or antigen presentation) in the context of type 2 diabetes.