The results revealed that PPIH was significantly upregulated in various cancer types, including cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) (Figure 2A). This evidence concerns the gene PPIH and gastric adenocarcinoma.