INS and cancer: One of the explanations for such benefits is the anti-inflammatory activity of this cytokine, which, once produced in the muscle microenvironment, acts to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is related to numerous pathological conditions such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress, which in turn compose the genesis of chronic degenerative diseases including diabetes mellitus and cancer (Kau et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2014).