BMP signaling can inhibit AMPK signaling by suppressing liver kinase B1 (LKB1); this results in a reduction in TCA cycle intermediates and amino acid expression in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell line H1299, which in turn decreases the activity of the TCA cycle and ultimately promotes the progression of NSCLC (Vora et al., 2022). Here, STK11 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.