We observed no difference between NI and RA FLS stimulated with different concentrations of all three exogenous acylcarnitines in the cell viability determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 assay and IL-6 production measured using ELISA and, indicating that NI and RA FLS react similarly to an overload of acylcarnitines (Supplementary Fig. 3). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.