It is mainly caused by various reasons such as malignant tumors, lung diseases, central nervous system diseases, and drugs (such as SSRI, SNRI, proton pump inhibitors, thiazide and loop diuretics, carbamazepine, etc.), resulting in an abnormal increase of endogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion (Mo et al., 2025). This evidence concerns the gene AVP and cancer.